Nakong ea ho eketseha ha tlhokomeliso ea tikoloho le tlhokahalo ea litharollo tse tsitsitseng, theknoloji e sebelisoang ke letsatsi e hlahile e le phetoho ea lipapali liindastering tse sa tšoaneng. Tšebeliso e 'ngoe e joalo ke tšebeliso ea matla a letsatsi matšoao a sephethephethe. Matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a fana ka melemo e mengata ho feta matšoao a tloaelehileng ka ho sebelisa matla a tsosolositsoeng le ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka motlakase oa marang-rang.
Matshwao a Sephethephethe a Matla a Letsatsi a Sebetsa Joang?
Matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi fetola khanya ea letsatsi matla a motlakase ka liphanele tsa photovoltaic (PV), tse nang le lisele tsa letsatsi. Lisele tsena tsa letsatsi li entsoe ka thepa ea semiconductor e hlahisang matla a motlakase ha a le letsatsing.
Liphanele tsa PV tse holim'a matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi li behiloe ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng ho hapa khanya ea letsatsi letsatsi lohle. Matla a letsatsi a nkiloeng ke liphanele a fetoloa motlakase o tobileng (DC). Motlakase ona ebe o bolokoa ka libeteri, tseo hangata e leng li-lead-cycle lead-acid kapa libetri tsa lithium-ion, hore li sebelisoe hamorao.
Ho etsa bonnete ba hore ts'ebetso e tsoela pele, matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a hlomelloa ka li-control control tse laolang phallo ea motlakase ho tloha liphanele tsa letsatsi ho ea ho libeteri. Litaolo li thibela ho tjhaja ho feta tekano, ho ntlafatsa ho tjhaja hantle, le ho sireletsa dibetri hore di se senyehe.
Matla a motlakase a bolokiloeng ka libetering a matlafatsa mabone a LED a kentsoeng matšoao a sephethephethe. Mabone a LED a sebetsa hantle haholo 'me a fana ka ponahalo e ntle, esita le maemong a tlase. Ho feta moo, mats'oao a mang a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a kenyelletsa lisensara le theknoloji e bohlale e lemohang maemo a khanya le ho fetola khanya ea mabone a LED ka nepo.
Melemo ea Matšoao a Sephethephethe a Matla a Solar
a) Tšebeliso e Ntle ea Matla le Ho Boloka Litšenyehelo: Matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a sebetsa a sa sebetsane le marang-rang a motlakase, a fokotsa tlhoko ea mehloli ea khale ea motlakase. Ka ho sebelisa matla a letsatsi a nchafalitsoeng, matšoao ana a fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla le litšenyehelo tse tlase haholo tsa ts'ebetso. Ba felisa litšenyehelo tse amanang le ho hokela marang-rang, ho kenyeletsoa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le likoloto tse tsoelang pele tsa motlakase.
b) Tšireletseho ea Tikoloho: Matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a kenya letsoho hore ho be le mekhoa e metle ea lipalangoang. Ka ho itšetleha ka matla a letsatsi, matšoao ana a fokotsa ho itšetleha ka mehloli ea matla a sa tsosolositsoeng, a fokotsa ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše, 'me a thusa ho loantša phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Li ikamahanya le lipakane tsa ts'ebetso le ho bontša boitlamo ba boikarabelo ba tikoloho.
c) Ho Tšepahala le ho Mamelleha: Matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a etselitsoe ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o tšepahalang maemong a fapaneng a leholimo, ho kenyelletsa le matsatsi a maru kapa a maru. Matla a bolokiloeng ka har'a libeteri a tiisa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele, esita le nakong ea khanya e fokolang ea letsatsi kapa ho khaoha ha motlakase. Boiketlo bona bo matlafatsa polokeho ea mebileng ka ho boloka ponahalo ea matšoao ka linako tsohle.
d) Ho Kenya le Tlhokomelo e Bonolo: Matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a batla a le bonolo ho a kenya kaha ha a hloke lithapo tse ngata tsa motlakase kapa likhokahano ho marang-rang. Li ka kenngoa libakeng tse hōle kapa libakeng tse se nang motlakase, ho atolosa phihlello le katleho ea tsona. Ho feta moo, matšoao ana a na le litlhoko tse tlaase tsa tlhokomelo ha li bapisoa le matšoao a tloaelehileng, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso le nako ea ho theoha.
e) Ho Fetolana le ho Tsamaea: Matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a fana ka phetoho mabapi le ho behoa le ho falla. Li ka kenngoa habonolo kapa tsa isoa libakeng tse fapaneng ntle le tlhokahalo ea liphetoho tse rarahaneng tsa mekhoa ea motheo. Ho ikamahanya le maemo ho lumella balaoli ba sephethephethe ho ntlafatsa tsela eo matšoao a behiloeng ka eona ho latela maemo a fetohang a sephethephethe, libaka tsa kaho, kapa liketsahalo tsa nakoana.
Likopo le Monyetla oa Bokamoso
Matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a na le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso ho pholletsa le maemo a fapaneng a litsela le maemo a taolo ea sephethephethe. Lisebelisoa tse ling tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
a) Matšoao a Temoso: Matšoao a sephethe-phethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa melaetsa ea temoso, e kang “Emisa,” “Iehe,” kapa “Sekolo se Pele.” Matšoao ana a matlafatsa temoho ea bakhanni le ho thusa ho thibela likotsi libakeng tse mahlonoko.
b) Matshwao a Lebelo la Lebelo: Matshwao a lebelo la lebelo a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a na le theknoloji ea radar e lemohang lebelo la koloi le ho bontša lebelo le loketseng. Matšoao ana a buisana ka katleho le lithibelo tsa lebelo, a khothalletsa mekhoa e sireletsehileng ea ho khanna.
c) Libaka tsa Kaho: Matšoao a matla a letsatsi a bohlokoa haholo libakeng tsa kaho tsa nakoana moo lisebelisoa tsa motlakase li ka 'nang tsa se fumanehe habonolo. Ba fana ka litaelo le litemoso tse hlakileng ho bakhanni, ba tiisa hore ba tsamaea ka tsela e sireletsehileng libakeng tseo ho hahoang ho tsona.
d) Libaka tse Hōle le Mahaeng: Matšoao a sephethephethe a tsamaisoang ke letsatsi a loketse libakeng tse hōle kapa tsa mahaeng moo ho hokela marang-rang a motlakase ho ka bang thata kapa ho bitsa chelete e ngata. Ba ntlafatsa polokeho ea mebileng libakeng tsena ka ho fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa sephethephethe ho bakhanni.